PPN Disaster Handbook
Decontamination
Decontamination: removal of harmful substances from a patient’s body to prevent further absorption by the patient and transmission.
These agents can include:
- Chemical – e.g., industrial spills, nerve agents
- Biological e.g., anthrax, viral exposure
- Radiological – e.g., radioactive dust or particles
Children may be exposed to these substances through accidental releases from chemical plants, transportation accidents, or intentional terrorist attacks.
Staff caring for patients should be trained to understand how to protect themselves in any incident that requires decontamination.
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After a train derailment in Ohio, vinyl chloride was released into the community. In addition to immediate concerns about exposure to the harmful substance, there may also be longer term impacts to the surrounding community. |
The smaller the child, the bigger the problem.
Special considerations
Reduce the risk of hypothermia. Use warm water for decontamination and temperature-controlled environments.
Use pictograms to help children understand the steps of decontamination.
Have instructions available in multiple languages.
Provide child-friendly spaces and support to ease fear and anxiety. Involve child-life or social work if able.
Avoid separating children from caregivers unless absolutely necessary. If separation occurs, reunification plans must be in place and clearly communicated.
99% of chemical contamination can be eliminated by removing clothes and wiping skin with paper towel or dry wipe.
Written by Dennis Ren
Last updated: 5/30/2025