Management of Prevalent Infections in Children Following a Disaster

Administer vitamin A 100,000 IU to infants and 200,000 IU to children older than 12 months. Repeat the dose in 24 hours. For patients with ophthalmologic signs of vitamin A deficiency (xerosis, Bitot’s spots, keratomalacia, corneal ulceration, or clouding) repeat the dose in 4-6 weeks to prevent corneal ulceration.

Severe mouth ulceration can be a consequence of herpes infection and may contribute to reduced fluid and food intake. Promote oral hygiene with regular mouth washes using clean water and the application of local antiseptic solutions. Consider gentian violet to treat mouth ulcers.

Prevent secondary eye infections through regular cleansing of the eyes with water and topical antibiotics, such as tetracycline. Consider a protective eye pad to prevent secondary infection.

If dysentery is present, treat with an appropriate antibiotic therapy for Shigella.